Diabetes can be a tricky condition to manage, and one of its commoncomplications is diabetic neuropathy. This condition, which affects millions worldwide, can significantly impact foot health, leading to severe complications. If you're living with diabetes, understanding neuropathy and how it affects your feet is crucial. Let's dive into the world of diabetic neuropathy and discover how to keep your feet healthy and happy!

Understanding Diabetic Neuropathy

Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that often arises from poorly managed diabetes. It typically starts in the hands or feet and can progress over time if not addressed. Research suggests that at least 20% of those with type 1 diabetes for over 20 years may experience peripheral neuropathy, while approximately 15% to 50% of individuals with type 2 diabetes diagnosed for ten years or more may also be affected.¹

Recognising Key Symptoms: Awareness is the best defence!

Here are some common signs of diabetic neuropathy:

Numbness or Tingling: Many individuals report a “pins and needles” sensation in their feet.
Pain: Some individuals experience burning, stabbing, or shooting pain that can disrupt daily life.
Altered Sensations: You might feel unusual sensations or, conversely, a total loss of feeling in your feet. This can lead to not noticing injuries!
Ulcers: Slow-healing sores on the feet are a red flag and should never be ignored.
Muscle Weakness: A feeling of weakness in the legs or feet can also occur.

Recognising these symptoms early can lead to timely interventions and help prevent further complications.

Skin and Nails Changes

As neuropathy progresses, it can lead to noticeable changes in the skin and nails of your feet:

Nail Changes: Thickening, discoloration, and ingrown toenails may occur due to reduced blood flow. These changes can make you more susceptible to infections.

Skin Changes: Poor circulation can lead to dry skin, increasing the risk of calluses and fissures, which create a breeding ground for infections.

These alterations might seem minor, but they significantly increase the likelihood of complications, which is why regular monitoring of foot health is essential.

Preventive Care & Management

Preventive care is key when managing diabetic neuropathy. Here are some simple yet effective strategies to keep your feet in tip-top shape:

Daily Foot Inspections: Make it a habit to check your feet for any changes or abnormalities. Don't forget to look between your toes!
Nail Care: Trim your toenails straight across to prevent ingrown toenails. If you're struggling with thick nails, consult a podiatrist.
Proper Footwear: Ensure your shoes fit well and your socks aren't too tight. Consider orthopaedic shoes if you're prone to foot issues.
Temperature Protection: Protect your feet from extreme temperatures. Insulated shoes in winter are a must!
Blood Flow Maintenance: Keep active! Try foot-friendly exercises like swimming or walking and remember to elevate your feet when sitting.
Daily Washing and Moisturising: Clean your feet with warm water, dry them thoroughly, and apply lotion (but avoid between the toes).
Regular Check-Ups: Don’t skip your healthcare appointments. Have your feet checked regularly to catch any issues early.

KEY STEPS TO DIABETIC FOOT HEALTH

When to Seek Medical Attention

Stay alert! If you notice any of the following symptoms, consult your healthcare provider promptly:

Non-healing cuts or sores
Persistent pain, weakness, or tingling in your hands or feet
Changes in digestion, urination, or sexual function
Light-headedness or fainting spells.

Early intervention can prevent serious complications, including amputations, so regular check-ups are essential.

Conclusion: Take Charge of Your Foot Health

Understanding the relationship between neuropathy and foot health is vital for managing foot problems in diabetes effectively. By recognising symptoms, monitoring changes, and prioritising preventive care, you can significantly improve your foot health and overall quality of life.

Reference:

Diabetes-Related Neuropathy-Cleveland Clinic. Aug 28, 2024. [Internet] [cited March 08, 2025] Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21621-diabetic-neuropathy
Diabetes-Related Foot Conditions-Cleveland Clinic. March 21, 2024. [Internet] [cited March 08, 2025] Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21510-diabetic-feet
Diabetic neuropathy-Mayo Clinic.[Internet] [cited March 08, 2025] Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20371580
Your Feet and Diabetes-CDC. May 15, 2024.[Internet] [cited March 08, 2025] Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-complications/diabetes-and-your-feet.html#:~:text=Nerve damage and poor blood,amputated (removed bY surgery).
YourFeetandDiabetes-CDC.May15,2024.[Internet][citedMarch08,2025]Availableat:https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-complications/diabetes-and-your feet.html#:~:text=Nerve%20damage%20and%20poor%20blood,amputated%20(removed%20by%20surgery).
NIH-National Cancer Institute. Neuropathy. [Internet] [cited March 08, 2025] Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/neuropathy
Diabetes and nerve damage-Medline Plus.[Internet] [cited March 08, 2025] Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000693.htm
Dermatonics. [Internet] [cited March 08, 2025] Available at:https://www.dermatonics.co.uk/pages/professionals
Diabetes foot care. (n.d.). https://www.sgh.com.sg/patient-care/specialties
Healthvision.in.Available from ://healthvision.in/wcontent/uploads/2020/10/diabetes-foot-e1603457060270.jpg

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